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Sustainable use of forests and forests ecosystems – the condition of indicators in Serbia
Ratknić, Mihailo
Veselinović, Milorad
Rakonjac, Ljubinko
Abstract: The definition of criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management and the possibilities of their use in the forest management planning are determined.The norms used directly in the theory and practice of the forest management planning in Serbia, which are in accordance with Pan- European criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management, are shown and evaluated in a great detail. Criterium 1 The preservation and promotion of forest resources and their contribution to the global carbon cycle: The use of soil and forests (Quantitative indicator: Land covered by forests and other forest land and the change of land areas(classified according to the forest and vegetation types, land structure, ownership structure, age structure, the origin of the forest); Total volume (Quantitative indicator: The changes in total volume, average tree trunk volume on the forest land- classified according to the vegetation zones or habitat types, age structure and indescrement stages);Carbon balance (Quantitative indicator: Total carbon stock and the changes of the stocks in the forest habitats). Criterium 2 Forest health condition and vitality: Total amount and the changes in the last five years in the emitting of the air pollutants (estimation on the permanent areas); The changes in the forest defoliation and deforestation using UN /ECE and EU classification of defoliation (classes 2,3 and 4) in last five years; The serious damages caused by biotic and abiotic agents (serious damages caused by insects and illnesses, with the determination of the seriousness through dessication and increment loss, annual amount of the burnt forests,annual amount of areas damaged by storms and the scope of felling in these regions, the amount of the regenerated land damaged by game, cattle and damages caused by grazing); Criterium 3: The productive functions of forest: Timber production (Quantitive indicator: Balance between increment and felling in last decade; The percent of forest land according to the management plan); Non-wood forest products (Quantitive indicators: Total amount and the changes of values and/or the quantity of non-wood forest products (hunting, game, fruit-woods, healing plants, fungi, etc.). Criterium 4 Biodiversity: Typical, rare and endangered forest ecosystems (Quantitative indicators: The changes of land area – natureand preforest types, strictly protected reserves, forests protected by special management treatment); Endangered species (Quantitative indicator: The changes in number and percent of the endangered species according to total number of the forest species (using reference lists – IUCN, The European Council, EU Habitats Directive, etc.); Biodiversity in the productive forests (Quantitative indicator: The changes of the amount of habitats intended for the preservation and use of forest genetic capacity (genofond, seedling collection, etc.) differentiation between native and introduced species; The changes in the proportion of the mixed stands containing 2 or 3 tree types, The ratio between the annual amount of the land areas that are regenerated naturally and total land area) ; Criterium 5 The protective functions in the forest management (with the emphasis on the land and water): Land erosion (Quantitative indicator: The percent of the forests with the primary land protection); The protection of water in forests: (Quantitative indicator: The percent of the forests with the primary water protection); Criterium 6 Socio-economic functions and conditions. The importance of the forestry domain: (Quantitative indicator: The contribution of the forest sector in the Gross Domestic Income); Recreation (Quantitative indicator: maintanance of the recreational function: forest area per inhabitant, percent of total forest land);Employment: (Quantitative indicator: The changes of employment rate in the forestry, particularly in the rarural areas (emploees in the forestry, felling and wood industry); Research and education; Public consciousness; Public participation and Cultural heritage.
engleski
2007
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Key words: forest recources, management, protection, ecosystem.