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Conservation and enhancement of natural resources in Serbia – adjustment of legislation with international agreements of environmental protection
Nevenić, Radovan
Bojović, Srđan
Brašanac, Ljiljana
Dražić, Dragana
Abstract: Conservation and advancement of natural resources is the base of sustainable development. The concept of sustainable development was adopted by the European Union in 1990, and at the world level, it was officially adopted at the Second United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The adoption of this concept at the global level was stimulated by the knowledge of large-scale changes of the environment, global climate change, pollution of air, water and soil, degradation of many ecosystems and consumption of great quantities of natural resources. It was understood that the environment could not be conserved and enhanced by partial policies and measures and that it is only possible by the implementation of the concept of sustainable development. The Rio Summit adopted the Declaration on environment and development (Rio Declaration), the Kyoto Protocol to UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and Convention on Biological Diversity, adopted the Principles on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests. Sustainable development requires the changes of development policy, a better integration of the sector policies with the environment policy and the adaptation of economic system to the environment policy. Sustainable development includes the implementation of three principles: - precautionary principle, favouring the preventive approach related to subsequent correction of mistakes and consequences; - principle of solidarity between the present and future generations and among all populations of the world, and - principle of participation of all social actors in the decisionmaking mechanisms. Utilization of potentials and natural resources in Serbia should be harmonized with goals of environmental protection defined by Law on environmental protection, Law on Strategic Environmental Assessment and other laws which conside . To achieve the sustainable development, the structural, technical and technological changes are necessary, as well as the adaptation of the structure and dynamics of human activities to the structure and dynamics of the environment. Serbia is the signatory to a number of international conventions and agreements in the field of environmental protection, which have directly or indirectly influence to the development of the forest sector. Republic of Serbia continued its active participation in regional initiatives. Disregarding the disadvantages of many preconditions, the frameworks of environment management strategy formulation should be defined in the new, changed conditions, relying primarily on the elements of the existing legal regulations. Preparation of National strategy of sustainable use of natural resources in Serbia has started in 2005. National strategy should contain: principle of sustainable development, status analysis and so far level of exploitation, valuation methods and conditions for sustainable use of natural resources, ecological-spatial principles on the potentials of natural resources, conditions for progressive substitution of natural resources as a way of conservation, guidelines for further research in the area of individual natural resources etc. As internationally recognized factor, Serbia should take an active part in the processes of development of future international agreements, taking into account the protection of its national interests. There for, it is necessary that Serbia realized its commitments by their implementation in the national legislation.
engleski
2007
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Key words: conservation, enhancement, environment, natural resources, international conventions and agreements.