The prohibition of harassment of employees and job seekers and its proving in practice
Zabrana uznemiravanja zaposlenih lica i lica koja traže zaposlenje i njeno dokazivanje u praksi
Apstrakt: Pozitivno radno zakonodavstvo po prvi put propisuje zabranu uznemiravanja i seksualnog uznemiravanja zaposlenih i lica koja traže zaposlenje. Zabrana je u delu Zakona o radu koji propisuje opštu zabranu diskriminacije. Obzirom na to da je pomenuti zakon na snazi od 2005. godine, odnosno 12 godina, postojali su napori da se dodatno razvije svest o tome šta diskriminacija zaista znači, koliko je štetna po čitavo društvo, kao uostalom i svi oblici uznemiravanja. U tom smislu je donet Zakon o sprečavanju zlostavljanja na radu 2010. godine, gde je propisana obaveza poslodavca da svakog zaposlenog pismenim putem obavesti šta se podrazumeva pod zabranjenim ponašanjima i pod terminom uznemiravanja, kao i o svim pravima zaposlenog u tom smislu. Imenovani zakon je lex specialis u odnosu na Zakon o radu i on sadrži odredbe koje preciziraju značenje osnovnih pojmova, postupak zaštite od radnji uznemiravanja (posredovanje kod poslodavca i sudska zaštita), kao i nadzor nad primenom odredbi i kaznene odredbe. Međutim, obzirom na to da je zabrana uznemiravanja relativno skoro uvedena u naš pravni sistem, uz sva ostala ograničenja, pravna praksa u ovoj materiji je dosta oskudna, postupci pred sudom dugotrajni (mada je propisana hitnost u njihovom rešavanju), posledice po zaposlene koji su pretrpeli neki vid uznemiravanja, velike, nužno je pronaći bolje mehanizme zaštite ili bar unaprediti postojeće. S tim u vezi, autori ovog rada su nastojali uporednopravnom analizom, koristeći sve poznate naučne metode, doći do razultata koji bi mogli uticati na efikasnije rešavanje postavljenog problema u praksi, kako u radnoj sredini, tako i pred nadležnim sudom.
Abstract: Positive labor legislation for the first time provides for the prohibition of harassment and sexual harassment of employees and job seekers. The ban is part of the Labor Act which stipulates a general prohibition of discrimination. Given that the said law in force since 2005, or 12 years, there have been efforts to further develop awareness of what discrimination really means, how it is harmful to the entire society, as well as all forms of harassment. In this sense, it was adopted Law on Prevention of Harassment at Work in 2010, which stipulates the obligation of the employer to inform each employee in writing about prohibited conduct and harassment, as well as on all rights of the employee in this regard. The designated law is the lex specialis in relation to the Labor Act and contains provisions specifying the meaning of the basic concept, the process of protection against acts of harassment (mediation with the employer and judicial protection), and monitoring of the implementation of the provisions of the penal provisions. However, given that the prohibition of harassment relatively recently introduced in our legal system, in addition to any other restrictions, the rule of law in this matter is quite scarce, proceedings in the court long term (although the prescribed urgency in solving them), the consequences for employees who suffered some form of harassment, large, it is necessary to find better mechanisms to protect or improve the existing protection. In addition to this, the authors of this study sought the comparative analysis, using every known scientific method to reach a result that could affect the efficient solution of the problem in practice, both in the workplace, as well in the court.
srpski
2017
Ovo delo je licencirano pod uslovima licence
Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 - Creative Commons Autorstvo 4.0 International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Keywords: employee discrimination, prohibition of harassment, sexual harassment, protection of employees against acts of discrimination.
Ključne reči: diskriminacija zaposlenih, zabrana uznemiravanja, seksualno uznemiravanje, zaštita zaposlenih od radnji diskriminacije.