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Javno finansiranje naučno-istraživačkog rada u Nemačkoj
Public financing of scientific-research in Germany
Đurić, Đuro
Jovanović, Vladimir
Abstract: In order to encourage scientific research and implement innovative ideas in practice, the German government has adopted a public policy document entitled High Technology Strategy 2025. This Strategy is the basis for future development through the integration of technological development into society and creating a public culture for innovation and start-up projects. Support for innovation should influence the movement of people, the health system, the living environment and the organization of work. Public funds have been determined for the realization of the set goals, which have been approved through various support programs since the beginning of 2020. Support for research and innovation is based on certain criteria. These are the degree of innovation, the prospects for success, the avoidance of double support and the public announcement of support. The annual amount of investments in research and innovation exceeds 99 billion euro. Such support is not subject to tax under OECD rules. Support programs are divided according to research categories to support master's students, doctoral students, postdoctoral students and experienced researchers. Also, support funds were distributed to various public organizations to support both domestic and foreign scientists. The most important are the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), the German Research Community (DFG) and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. In addition, political foundations, companies and chambers of commerce are involved in providing support. Finally, funding for research and innovation is provided by European Union funds under the Horizon 2020 research program. Authors of this paper try to give a closer insight to the domestic scientific and professional public into the public policy in Germany, by which science and practice mutually help each other and importance of investing in research activities, which makes this country attractive for successful researchers and a very strong economy in the long term.
Kratak sadržaj: U cilju podsticanja naučnog istraživanja i sprovođenja inovativnih ideja u praksi, nemačka vlada je usvojila dokument javne politike pod nazivom Strategija visoke tehnologije 2025. Ova Strategija predstavlja osnov za budući razvoj kroz ugradnju tehnološkog razvoja u društvene okvire i stvaranje javne kulture za inovacije i start-up projekte. Podrškom inovacijama bi trebalo da se utiče na kretanje ljudi, zdravstveni sistem, životu sredinu i organizaciju rada. Za realizaciju postavljenih ciljeva utvrđena su javna sredstva, koja se od početka 2020. godine odobravaju kroz različite programe podrške. Podrška istraživanju i inovacijama se zasniva na određenim kriterijumima. To su stepen inovativnosti, izgledi za uspeh, izbegavanje dvostruke podrške i javno objavljivanje podrške. Godišnji iznos investicija u istraživanje i inovacije prelazi 99 milijardi evra. Ovakva podrška prema pravilima OECD-a ne podleže poreskim obavezama. Programi podrške su podeljeni prema kategorijama istraživača na podršku studentima master akademskih studija, doktorandima, postdoktorandima i iskusnim istraživačima. Takođe, sredstva podrške raspodeljena su različitim javnim organizacijama za podršku, kako domaćim tako i stranim naučnim radnicima. Tu su najvažnije Nemačka služba za akademsku razmenu (DAAD), Nemačka istraživačka zajednica (DFG) i Fondacija Alexander von Humboldt. Pored njih, u pružanje podrške uključene su političke fondacije, kompanije i privredne komore. Najzad, sredstva za podršku istraživanju i inovacijama pružaju fondovi Evropske unije u okviru istraživačkog programa „Horizont 2020“. Autori ovim radom teže da domaćoj naučnoj i stručnoj javnosti približe pristup javne politike u Nemačkoj kojim se nauka i praksa uzajamno pomažu i važnost ulaganja u istraživanje, što ovu zemlju čini atraktivnom za uspešne istraživače i dugoročno vrlo snažnom privredom.
Napomena: Inicijalno je uneta pogrešna licenca. Ispravna licenca: Bez licence - direktna primena zakona Datum korekcije: 04.05.2026. Izmena se odnosi isključivo na licencu i ne utiče na sadržaj dokumenta.
srpski
2021
Ovo delo je licencirano pod uslovima licence
Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 - Creative Commons Autorstvo 4.0 International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Ključne reči: Nemačka, naučno-istraživački rad, finansiranje, strategija.
Keywords: Germany, scientific research, financing, strategy.
154635017