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Дипломатски представници Русије међу српским народом почетком XX века – жртве балканске политике
Zarković, Vesna
Апстракт: У раду се говори о тројици представника руске дипломатије који су, савесно обављајући дужности, оставили животе ван своје домовине. Руски конзули, Григорије Степанович Шчербина и Александар Аркадијевич Ростковски су службовали у Османском Царству, први у Митровици, а други у Битљу. Њихов боравак у крајевима под османском влашћу су обележила свакодневна страдања српског и осталог хришћанског становништва. Као сведоци трагичних збивања и заштитници хришћана изазивали су велико незадовољство Арбанаса и турских власти. Због храбрости и одлучности да истрају на извршавању задатака и поправљању положаја хришћана у западном делу Османског царства обојица су убијени током 1903. године. Трећи руски дипломата Николај Хенрикович Хартвиг је, као и прет- ходна двојица, радио у интересу српског и хришћанског становништва. За разлику од њих, у тренутку своје смрти је обављао дужност посланика у Београду. Искуство и позиција Хартвига у дипломатији су били од великог значаја не само Русији, него и Србији којој је Аустроугарска била стална претња. У намери да, након Сарајевског атентата утиче преко аустроугарског колеге на одлуку Беча о интервенцији на Србију за време разговора је доживео срчани удар и преминуо. Представници Русије о којима се говори су у српском народу упамћени као жртве балканске политике на почетку XX века. Шчербина и Ростковски су сахрањени у родној земљи, а Хартвиг у Београду.
Summary: During the 19th century and until the beginning of the First World War, Russia, as one of the leading countries of that era, tied its interests to the Balkans. Its involvement was intensified after the Berlin Congress, whose decisions brought Austria-Hungary to the door of the Balkan area. Although this territory was under Ottoman rule, the presence of great powers was obvious. In addition to Russia, Austria-Hungary had the greatest influence on the events, which, sparing no means, strove to achieve its goals and penetrate to the south. Wanting to actively participate in all events, Russia opened consulates in larger cities, in Prizren, Skopje, Bitola and finally in Mitrovica. The work of its consulates coincided with a time marked by severe suffering of the Serbian and Christian population. Anarchy reigned on the ground, and the main actors were the Albanians who used all the weaknesses of the Ottoman state system. In addition, they found support from the outside, primarily in Austria-Hungary. As exponents of the Austro-Hungarian policy, they represented the main disturbing factor of peace in the western part of the Ottoman Empire. Insecurity prevailed at every step, and the position of Serbs and other Christians was getting worse, as evidenced by numerous reports of Russian consuls. However, even they, as representatives of a powerful state, were not guaranteed security. Not even two Russian consuls, whose work were based on the protection of the oppressed, did not escape the tragic fate of 1903. Grigorije Stepanovic Šcerbina served in Mitrovica, and Aleksandar Arkadievich Rostkovski in Bitola. Their involvement and activities in this part of the Ottoman Empire caused dissatisfaction among the Albanians and the Turkish authorities. They were decorated with courage and determination to persevere in completing tasks. Because of this attitude, both of them were killed within a few months of each other. The third Russian diplomat who left his life outside his country was Nikolai Henrikovich Hartwig, a loyal friend of the Serbs. According to the claims of those most familiar with the political situation, he was considered one of the greatest political figures in Europe at that time. Ability and experience in diplomacy were the main recommendation to the Russian government to appoint Hartwig to the position of deputy in Belgrade. His engagement in the Serbian capital coincided with the annexation crisis caused by Austria-Hungary. The greatest danger to Serbia was the Dual Monarchy, whose pressure was becoming more and more intense. After the Sarajevo assassination, Hartwig, through his Austro-Hungarian colleague, tried to ease the pressure and prevent the intervention of Vienna. He did not succeed in his intention because he died suddenly in the building of the Austro-Hungarian embassy in Belgrade from a severe heart attack. The three aforementioned diplomatic representatives of Russia from the beginning of the 20th century became victims of Balkan politics. As such, they are remembered by the Serbian people, who cherish their memory even in recent times.
srpski
2024
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Кључне речи: Григорије Степанович Шчербина, Александар Аркадијевич Ростковски, Николај Хенрикович Хартвиг, Османско царство, Србија, Аустроугарска, почетак XX века, балканска политика, дипломатија, жртве.
Keywords: Grigorie Stepanovich Shcherbina, Aleksandar Arkadyevich Rostkovsky, Nikolai Henrikovich Hartwig, Ottoman Empire, Serbia, Austria-Hungary, beginning of the 20th century, Balkan politics, diplomacy, victims.
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