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The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit
Haozhi, Ma
Crowther, Thomas W.
Lidong, Mo
Maynard, Daniel S.
Renner, Susanne S.
van den Hoogen, Johan
Yibiao, Zou
Jingjing, Liang
de-Miguel, Sergio
Gert-Jan, Nabuurs
Reich, Peter B.
Ülo, Niinemets
Meinrad, Abegg
Adou Yao, Yves C.
Alberti, Giorgio
Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M.
Vilchez Alvarado, Braulio
Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban
Patricia Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia
Alves, Luciana F.
Ammer, Christian
Antón-Fernández, Clara
Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro
Arroyo, Luzmila
Avitabile, Valerio
Aymard, Gerardo A.
Baker, Timothy R.
Bałazy, Radomir
Banki, Olaf
Barroso, Jorcely G.
Bastian, Meredith L.
Bastin, Jean-Francois
Birigazzi, Luca
Birnbaum, Philippe
Bitariho, Robert
Boeckx, Pascal
Bongers, Frans
Bouriaud, Olivier
Brancalion, Pedro H. S.
Brandl, Susanne
Brearley, Francis Q.
Brienen, Roel
Broadbent, Eben N.
Bruelheide, Helge
Bussotti, Filippo
Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto
César, Ricardo G.
Cesljar, Goran
Chazdon, Robin
Chen, Han Y. H.
Chisholm, Chelsea
Cho, Hyunkook
Cienciala, Emil
Clark, Connie
Clark, David
Colletta, Gabriel D.
Coomes, David A.
Cornejo Valverde, Fernando
Corral-Rivas, José J.
Crim, Philip M.
Cumming, Jonathan R.
Dayanandan, Selvadurai
de Gasper, André L.
Decuyper, Mathieu
Derroire, Géraldine
DeVries, Ben
Djordjevic, Ilija
Dolezal, Jiri
Dourdain, Aurélie
Laurier Engone Obiang, Nestor
Brian J. Enquist, Brian J.
Eyre, Teresa J.
Belarmain Fandohan, Adandé
Fayle, Tom M.
Feldpausch, Ted R.
Ferreira, Leandro V.
Finér, Leena
Fischer, Markus
Fletcher, Christine
Fridman, Jonas
Frizzera, Lorenzo
Gamarra, Javier G. P.
Gianelle, Damiano
Glick, Henry B.
Harris, David J.
Hector, Andrew
Hemp, Andreas
Hengeveld, Geerten
Hérault, Bruno
Herbohn, John L.
Herold, Martin
Hillers, Annika
Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N.
Hui, Cang
Ibanez, Thomas T.
Amaral, Iêda
Imai, Nobuo
Jagodziński, Andrzej M.
Jaroszewicz, Bogdan
Kvist Johannsen, Vivian
Joly, Carlos A.
Jucker, Tommaso
Jung, Ilbin
Karminov, Viktor
Kartawinata, Kuswata
Kearsley, Elizabeth
Kenfack, David
Kennard, Deborah K.
Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian
Keppel, Gunnar
Latif Khan, Mohammed
Killeen, Timothy J.
Seok Kim, Hyun
Kitayama, Kanehiro
Köhl, Michael
Korjus, Henn
Kraxner, Florian
Kucher, Dmitry
Laarmann, Diana
Lang, Mait
Lewis, Simon L.
Lu, Huicui
Lukina, Natalia V.
Maitner, Brian S.
Malhi, Yadvinder
Marcon, Eric
Schwantes Marimon, Beatriz
Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur
Marshall, Andrew R.
Martin, Emanuel H.
Meave, Jorge A.
Melo-Cruz, Omar
Mendoza, Casimiro
Merow, Cory
Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel
Moreno, Vanessa S.
Mukul, Sharif A.
Mundhenk, Philip
Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe
Neill, David
Nevenic, Radovan V.
Ngugi, Michael R.
Niklaus, Pascal A.
Oleksyn, Jacek
Ontikov, Petr
Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar
Pan, Yude
Paquette, Alain
Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander
Parfenova, Elena I.
Park, Minjee
Parren, Marc
Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy
Peri, Pablo L.
Pfautsch, Sebastian
Phillips, Oliver L.
Picard, Nicolas
Piedade, Maria Teresa F.
Piotto, Daniel
Nigel C. A. Pitman, Nigel C. A.
Mendoza-Polo, Irina
Poulsen, Axel D.
Poulsen, John R.
Pretzsch, Hans
Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy
Zorayda Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda
Rodeghiero, Mirco
Rolim, Samir G.
Roopsind, Anand
Rovero, Francesco
Rutishauser, Ervan
Saikia, Purabi
Salas-Eljatib, Christian
Saner, Philippe
Schall, Peter
Schelhaas, Mart-Jan
Schepaschenko, Dmitry
Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael
Schmid, Bernhard
Schöngart, Jochen
Searle, Eric B.
Seben, Vladimír
Serra-Diaz, Josep M.
Sheil, Douglas
Shvidenko, Anatoly Z.
Silva-Espejo, Javier E.
Silveira, Marcos
Singh, James
Sist, Plinio
Slik, Ferry
Sonké, Bonaventure
Souza, Alexandre F.
Miścicki, Stanislaw
Stereńczak, Krzysztof J.
Svenning, Jens-Christian
Svoboda, Miroslav
Swanepoel, Ben
Targhetta, Natalia
Tchebakova, Nadja
ter Steege, Hans
Thomas, Raquel
Tikhonova, Elena
Umunay, Peter M.
Usoltsev, Vladimir A.
Valencia, Renato
Valladares, Fernando
van der Plas, Fons
Van Do, Tran
van Nuland, Michael E.
Vasquez, Rodolfo M.
Verbeeck, Hans
Viana, Helder
Vibrans, Alexander C.
Vieira, Simone
von Gadow, Klaus
Wang, Hua-Feng
Watson, James V.
Werner, Gijsbert D. A.
Westerlund, Bertil
Wiser, Susan K.
Wittmann, Florian
Woell, Hannsjoerg
Wortel, Verginia
Zagt, Roderick
Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz
Zhang, Chunyu
Zhao, Xiuhai
Zhou, Mo
Zhu, Zhi-Xin
Zo-Bi, Irie C.
Zohner, Constantin M.
Neldner, Victor J.
Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17–34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling
engleski
2023
Ovo delo je licencirano pod uslovima licence
Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 - Creative Commons Autorstvo 4.0 International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-023-01543-5