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Logori u Beogradu u Drugom svetskom ratu
Camps in Belgrade during the Second World War
Бецић, Иван
Abstract: Although the establishment of the camp, as a kind of prison for groups of people gathered according to certain criteria (religious, national, political), dates back to the end of the 19th century, this word got its real, recognizable meaning in the time between the two world wars in the countries where they were in power were totalitarian regimes. During the Second World War, the interwar camps grew into larger or large-scale concentration camps, and both warring sides established new ones. Th e largest number of camps were located in Europe, in the area occupied or controlled by the German army, and there were about two thousand of them. Some of these camps became large killing grounds where mass liquidation of people was carried out, and almost all of them were given a prominent place in the framework of the project of the „fi nal solution” of the Hewish question within the borders of the Old Continent. Of the territory of the occupied Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the largest number of camps was on the territory of the Independent State of Croatia, and there were also on the territory of other areas and provinces. In terms of volume, the largest area was occupied by the Jasenovac camp system in the Independent State of Croatia, where by far the largest number of detainees perished. In Serbia, the largest camps were established in Belgrade and Nis. In the Belgrade area, the cams Sajmiste and Banjica had the status of camps. Th e Cannon Sheds were the so-called temporary camp, while Jajinci became a place for the liquidation primarily of members of the National Liberation Movement. Th e fi rst victims camps were Jews and Roma, while over time their largest number would be members of the Serbian people. Th e total number of victims and their character are oft en manipulated for various reasons, so this paper is a contribution to determining the real number of victims in the Belgrade area and their national affi liation, with the aim of encouraging a public debate on the conceptual and ethical basis for their commemoration. Th is would give the camps and their victims an adequate place in the offi cial state policy in terms of memorials, commemoration and a place in school textbooks and accompanying teaching materials.
Apstrakt: Iako osnivanje logora, kao svojevrsnog zatvora za grupe ljudi sakupljene po određenom kriterijumu (verskom, nacionalnom, političkom), datira sa kraja XIX veka, svoje pravo, prepoznatljivo značenje ova reč dobila je u vremenu između dva svetska rata u državama u kojima su na vlasti bili totalitarni režimi. Tokom Drugog svetskog rata međuratni logori prerasli su u koncentracione logore većih ili velikih razmera, a obe zaraćene strane osnivale su nove. Najveći broj logora nalazio se u Evropi, na prostoru koji je zahvatala ili kontrolisala nemačka vojska i bilo ih je oko dve hiljade. Pojedini od ovih logora postali su velika stratišta u kojima je masovno vršena likvidacija ljudi, a gotovo svi oni dobili su istaknuto mesto uokviru projekta „konačnog rešenja” jevrejskog pitanja u granicama Starog kontinenta. Na prostoru okupirane Kraljevine Jugoslavije najveći broj logora bio je na teritoriji Nezavisne države Hrvatske, a postojali su i na teritoriji ostalih oblasti i provincija. Po obimu, najveći prostor zahvatao je sistem logora Jasenovac u Nezavisnoj državi Hrvatskoj, u kome je stradao daleko najveći broj zatočenih. U Srbiji su najveći logori osnovani u Beogradu i Nišu. Na području Beograda status logora imali su logori Sajmište i Banjica. Topovske šupe bile su tzv. prolazni logor, dok su Jajinci postali mesto za likvidaciju prvenstveno pripadnika Narodno oslobodilačkog pokreta. Prve žrtve ovih logora bili su Jevreji i Romi, dok će vremenom njihov najveći broj činiti pripadnici srpskog naroda. Sa ukupnim brojem žrtava i njihovim karakterom iz različitih pobuda često se manipuliše, tako da je ovaj rad prilog u utvrđivanju realnog broja žrtava na području Beograda i njihove nacionalne pripadnosti, a sa ciljem da se podstakne javna debata o konceptualnoj i etičkoj osnovi za njihovo komemorisanje. Time bi logori i njihove žrtve dobili adekvatno mesto u zvaničnoj državnoj politici prema spomen obeležjima, komemorisanju i mestu u školskim udžbenicima i pratećem nastavnom materijalu.
srpski
2023
© All rights reserved
Ključne reči: Sajmište, Banjica, Topovske šume, Jevreji, Srbi, Romi.
Key words: Sajmiste, Banjica, the Cannon Sheds, Jews, Serbs, Roma.
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