Naslov (srp)

Uloga ombudsmana u zaštiti ljudskih prava : zaštitnik građana Republike Srbije

Naslov (eng)

The role of the ombudsman in the protection of human rights : the protector of citizens of the Republic of Serbia

Autor

Rapajić, Milan
Logarušić, Dejan

Opis (srp)

Sažetak: Ombudsman je institucija nesudske spoljne i parlamentarne kontrole nad radom javne uprave, koja je osnovana 1809. godine u Švedskoj. Više od jednog veka on je bio ekskluzivna institucija ove države, da bi se raširila u više od 100 zemalja sveta tokom XX i XXI veka. Rad je sadržinski opredeljen u tri celine: prva se tiče opštih izlaganja o ombudsmanu, u drugoj celini se ukazuje da je sve više izraženo pozicioniranje ombudsmana u zaštiti ljudskih prava građana, gde se, u stvari, ombudsman pojavljuje kao zaštitnik ljudskih prava na nacionalnom nivou i, konačno, treća celina je posvećena Zaštitniku građana Republike Srbije, kao centralnoj nacionalnoj instituciji za zaštitu ljudskih prava. Inicijalno, ombudsman je zamišljen kao specifična kontrola rada javne uprave, a znatno manje kao zaštitnik ljudskih prava. Pravna kontrola nije jedina kontrola koju preduzima ombudsman, što znači da on ne sprovodi samo kontrolu zakonitosti, već se fokusira i na kontrolu celishodnosti, efikasnosti, pa čak i pravičnosti. Pored tradicionalnog modela ombudsmana (onako, kako je zamišljen u Švedskoj i Danskoj), razvija se i hibridni model (koji je, na primer, prihvaćen u Srbiji – gde se pojavljuje kao kontrolor uprave i zaštitnik ljudskih prava) i model zaštitnika ljudskih prava, prihvaćen u svim ostalim bivšim jugoslovenskim republikama. Srbija je donošenjem novog Ustava 2006. godine, inaugurisala Zaštitnika građana kao ustavnu instituciju i ovaj organ se pojavljuje kao nacionalna institucija za zaštitu ljudskih prava i kao nacionalni mehanizam za prevenciju torture i u toj ulozi ostvaruje saradnju sa relevantnim međunarodnim institucijama. Glavna hipoteza u radu svodi se na analizu pojedinih rešenja Zakona o zaštitniku građana iz 2021. godine, koja su u stvari, korak unazad u odnosu na Zakon iz 2005. godine.

Opis (eng)

Summary: The Ombudsman is an institution of non-judicial, external and parliamentary control of public administration, which was founded in 1809 in Sweden. For more than a century, it remained an institution specific to that country, before spreading to more than 100 countries during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The paper is divided into three sections: the first sets out general considerations concerning the ombudsman, the second section examines the increasingly prominent role of the ombudsman in the protection of citizens’ human rights, whereby the ombudsman functions as a national human rights protector, and, finally, the third section is devoted to the Protector of citizens of the Republic of Serbia, as the central national institution for the protection of human rights. Initially, the ombudsman was conceived as a specific form of control of public administration, and much less as a human rights protection mechanism. Legal control is not the only control undertaken by the ombudsman, which means that he does not only control legality, but also focuses on control of expediency, efficiency and even fairness. In addition to the traditional ombudsman model (as it was conceived in Sweden and Denmark), a hybrid model has also developed. This model has, for example, been adopted in Serbia, where it acts both as a controller of public administration and as a protector of human rights. A further model, that of a human rights protector, has been adopted in the other former Yugoslav republics. With the adoption of the new 2006 Constitution, Serbia established the Protector of Citizens as a constitutional institution. This body functions as a national institution for the protection of human rights and as a national preventive mechanism for the prevention of torture, in which capacity it cooperates with relevant international institutions. The main hypothesis advanced in the paper is that certain provisions of the 2021 Law on the Ombudsman represent, in fact, a step backwards compared with the 2005 Law.

Jezik

srpski

Datum

2026

Licenca

Ovo delo je licencirano pod uslovima licence
Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 - Creative Commons Autorstvo - Nekomercijalno 4.0 International License.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode

Predmet

Keywords:ombudsman, control of public administration, protection of human rights, Protector of Citizens of the Republic of Serbia

Ključne reči: ombudsman, kontrola javne uprave, zaštita ljudskih prava, Zaštitnik građana Republike Srbije

Deo kolekcije (1)

o:1575

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